Editorial standards

Everything on this site is published under one editorial identity: Paperino Academy. There are no individual bylines and no famous name to point at. Judge the work by the standards on this page and by the sources named in the articles — both are things you can check for yourself.

Paperino Academy is an independent, self-funded educational project. It is not part of an exchange, a broker, a wallet company, a bank or a token project, and nobody pays for what appears here. It holds no reader's money and operates no accounts, wallets or balances of any kind.

The site explains four subjects at beginner level: crypto, stocks, currencies and precious metals. The questions it exists to answer are mechanical ones — how a transfer actually moves, which network an address belongs to, what a fee is charged for, why the number on the screen is not the number that arrives, and how the frauds in this field are built.

What it deliberately does not do: name an asset worth buying, rank brokers or exchanges for you, forecast a price, or publish trade ideas and signals. Those are the usual ways a site like this is monetised, and they are the things it will not carry.

The starting point is primary documentation wherever one exists: the network's or protocol's own documentation, the exchange's own published fee schedule, the regulator's or tax authority's own guidance, the block explorer showing the transaction. Secondary write-ups are used to find the primary source, not to stand in for it.

Where a claim rests on a particular source, the article names it, so you can go and read it instead of taking our word for it. Where a subject is genuinely unsettled, or the answer depends on where you live, the article says so rather than picking a side to keep the sentence tidy.

Tools, including AI, are used in research and drafting. They are not the editor. Nothing is published until a person has read it in full and is willing to answer for what it says.

Numbers in this field go out of date quickly. Network fees move week to week, exchanges restructure their fee tiers, tax thresholds change every year, and a rule that held last year may not hold now. A figure with no date attached is a figure you cannot use.

So every number is written with the conditions it applies to and the date it was true on, and every article carries the date it was published and — once it has been revised — the date it was last updated. Both are printed at the top of the article and both are in the page's machine-readable data, so a stale guide cannot present itself as a fresh one.

When the underlying facts move, the existing article is revised and re-dated, rather than left standing while a newer one is written beside it.

Nothing on this site is financial, investment, tax, legal or accounting advice, and nothing here is a recommendation to buy, sell or hold anything. It is written for a general reader, without knowing your circumstances, your obligations, or the rules where you live.

Paperino Academy is not licensed or regulated as a financial adviser anywhere, and does not give personal advice. For a decision that turns on your own situation, ask someone qualified and regulated in your own country.

The site never handles money: no accounts, no deposits, no wallets, no balances, nothing to sign up for. Nobody here will ever ask you for a seed phrase, a private key, a password or a verification code — and anyone who does so in this site's name is not us.

If something here is wrong, out of date or unclear, please say so. Write to the address on the contact page and name the article and the passage; a correction is the most useful mail this site can get.

What happens next: the claim is checked against its source. If it is wrong it is corrected, and the article's "last updated" date is changed along with the correction, so the fix is visible from outside. Where a correction changes the meaning of what was said — as opposed to fixing a typo or a broken link — the article states what changed and when, instead of being quietly edited.

Every correction gets a reply; the response time we work to is on the contact page. An article is never deleted or rewritten to make a mistake disappear.

The site is free to read. There is no paywall, no subscription and no account, and nothing is held back for anyone who pays.

Its funding model is advertising, served by Google AdSense: where you see an ad, Google's system and your own browsing chose it, not us. An advertiser appearing beside an article has no involvement in it, does not see it before publication, and cannot buy a mention, a link or a recommendation inside it. Advertising is kept visually separate from the articles and labelled as advertising.

There are no sponsored articles, no paid placements and no affiliate links here: nothing on this site earns a commission when you click it or open an account somewhere. Which advertising cookies are set, and how to refuse them, is set out in the privacy policy.

Articles are written in English and published in 24 languages. The other 23 are translations of the same article rather than separately written versions of it, so a correction made once is a correction in every language.

Translation can still go wrong: a term of art with no clean equivalent, a sentence that drifts. If a translation reads badly, or says something the original does not, that is a correction we want reported in exactly the same way.

One address takes questions, corrections and requests for a guide, and it reaches the person who can act on them. It is on the contact page, along with what to include.

The terms of use set out the legal position and the privacy policy sets out the data position. This page is the editorial one.